Medieval closed face helmets were crucial pieces of armor designed to protect the head and face of knights and warriors during the Middle Ages. These helmets, which evolved significantly over time, were not only practical in battle but also became symbols of status and chivalry.

Evolution and Design

Great Helm (12th to 14th Century):

The great helm, also known as the "pot helm" or "barrel helm," was one of the earliest forms of a closed face helmet. It featured a cylindrical shape with a flat top and small eye slits for vision.
The helmet covered the entire head and face, providing extensive protection, but it was heavy and limited the wearer’s vision and breathability.
Often worn over a chainmail coif or padded cap, the great helm was popular during the Crusades and was typically used by knights in tournaments and battles.

Functionality and Symbolism
Medieval closed face helmets were meticulously designed to offer maximum protection while still allowing for combat effectiveness. The fully enclosed design helped safeguard against sword strikes, arrows, and other weapons, particularly in the chaotic environment of battlefields and tournaments.

However, these helmets were more than just protective gear; they were also symbols of the knightly class. The craftsmanship, decoration, and even the crests added to these helmets often reflected the wealth, status, and identity of the wearer. Many knights had their helmets adorned with family crests, religious symbols, or intricate designs, turning them into personalized works of art.